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The cayenne pepper, also known as the Guinea spice, cow-horn pepper, red hot chili pepper, aleva, bird pepper, or, especially in its powdered form, red pepper, is a cultivar of ''Capsicum annuum'' related to bell peppers, jalapeños, paprika, and others. The ''Capsicum'' genus is in the nightshade family (Solanaceae). It is a hot chili pepper used to flavor dishes. It is named for the city of Cayenne in French Guiana. The fruits are generally dried and ground, or pulped and baked into cakes, which are then ground and sifted to make the powdered spice of the same name. Cayenne is used in cooking spicy dishes, as a powder or in its whole form (such as in Korean, Sichuan, and other Asian cuisine), or in a thin, vinegar-based sauce. It is generally rated at 30,000 to 50,000 Scoville units. It is also used as an herbal supplement, and was mentioned by Nicholas Culpeper in his ''Complete Herbal'', 1653, as "guinea pepper",〔The pepper from Guinea is ''Aframomum melegueta'', "Malagueta pepper".〕 a misnomer for "guiana pepper".〔 == Cultivation == Most cultivated varieties of cayenne, ''Capsicum annuum'', can be grown in a variety of locations and need around 100 days to mature. Peppers prefer warm, moist, nutrient-rich soil in a warm climate. The plants grow to about in height and should be spaced apart. In gardens, the plants may be planted as close as apart in a raised bed. This may reduce the yield of an individual plant, but will increase yields per unit area. Chilis are mostly perennial in subtropical and tropical regions; however, they are usually grown as annuals in temperate climates. They can be overwintered if protected from frost, and require some pruning. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cayenne pepper」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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